Fig 4Boltzmann abacusHover to turn the knobkT/ε 1.00 · q 1.58 · ⟨ε⟩/ε 0.58 · p₀ 0.63
Knob pointer: sets kT/εTwenty beads: molecules on levels εᵢ = iεTen rods of the equally spaced ladder εᵢ = iε, ground state at the bottom. Turn the knob and the beads settle to nᵢ = N e^(−εᵢ/kT) / q, rounded so they always total 20. At kT/ε = 1 the gauge reads q = 1.58 (L13 Case 1). At kT/ε = 2, the same ladder with the spacing halved, it reads q = 2.54 (Case 2). At 0 every bead sits on the ground rod.